Algeria Dairy and Products Annual Report 2011
Algerian dairy market reopens to US product with newly negotiated sanitary certificate, according to the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. US dairy exports continue to suffer from lack of strong US presence in this market. Development of the domestic dairy sector remains one of the government’s main priorities.Executive Summary:
In late June 2011, US and Algerian regulators came to an agreement on a new sanitary certificate reopening the market to US dairy products after it closed in September 2010. The value of Algerian milk powder imports has averaged $862 million annually over the last six years and US dairy exports to Algeria reached $84million in 2008 and $32 million in 2009 and almost vanished in 2010 due to the certificate issue on one side but to the lack of a US presence on the market.
While US suppliers face competition from EU and New Zealand origin product, Algeria remains a major importer of dairy products despite increases in world market prices. There is tremendous potential for US suppliers; Besides the big potential for milk powder and other dairy products such as cheese for processing and anhydrous milk fat, other opportunities opened up for live animals and genetics; The Ministry of Agriculture has established several programs to expand herd size and productivity by expanding artificial insemination and embryo transfer use, expanding pasture areas, supporting heifer nurseries and importing pregnant heifers and dairy cattle along with establishing better quality control in the dairy sector.
Ministry of Agriculture has formally invited expressions of interest from investors, including foreigners, seeking to acquire a stake in the country's pilot farms. With regard to the dairy sector, this should encourage dairy players to look for partnerships in developing integrated dairy complexes.
Commodities:
Production: Development of the dairy sector to reduce reliance on imports remains one of the main priorities of the Algerian government in line with its new agricultural renewal strategy. As reported previously, the Ministry of Agriculture has established several programmes to expand herd size and productivity by expanding artificial insemination and embryo transfer use, expanding pasture areas, supporting heifer nurseries and importing pregnant heifers and dairy cattle and establishing better quality control in the dairy sector by 2014. These programmes may provide good opportunities for US exporters of dairy cattle, genetics and artificial insemination materials provided certification is agreed upon.
These programmes also encouraged local dairy players to request and look for partnerships in developing integrated dairy complexes, especially now that Ministry of Agriculture has formally invited expressions of interest from investors, including foreigners to acquire stakes in pilot farms; as mentioned in the Ministry of Agriculture instruction: “ It appeared necessary to apply the legislation regarding investment and open these pilot farms established as joint stock companies capital to domestic and foreign investors in accordance with articles 58 and 62 of the Ordinance No 09-01- of July 22, 2009 on 2009 supplementary budget law published in the Official Journal No 44 of July 26, 2009 and the resolution No 007/102/ of March 17, 2010 of CPE (State Participation Council). However it is understood that the land and buildings associated with these production farms are and remain the property of the state. They will be made available by grants in conformity and provision of the decree that explains the operations modalities of agricultural lands in the private domain of state or attached to public institutions." (Source: Ministry of Agriculture website: (www.minagri.dz ).
To recall, Government efforts through PNDA (National Plan for Agricultural Development) and PNDAR (Rural Agricultural Development National Plan) programmes in the past years helped increase milk production from 1.5 million MT in 2000 to 2.2 million MT annually in 2007, of which 1.6 million MT is fresh cow milk. About 70 per cent of the fresh milk in Algeria comes from cows, and the remaining 30 per cent comes from sheep, goat and camels). Only 10 per cent of the milk production was commercially collected for the dairy processing industry.
Meanwhile, the dairy industry that represents about 120 dairies of which 15 are state-owned, has always relied on imported milk powder for its needs. Reconstituted milk had always provided a major source of milk used in Algeria. It is produced from blended imported non-fat dry milk with anhydrous milk fat or whole milk powder. Whole milk powder is also used in most processed dairy products, and non-fat dry milk in ice cream industry.
The private sector played a dominant role in the Algerian dairy sector. Private sector has typically played a major role in the production of processed dairy products (yogurt, cheese, butter, sour milk, and dairy desserts). Because of the low fixed prices for pasteurized fluid milk (A.D 25/liter), ($0.34/liter), the private sector would rather produce these more profitable processed products. However, State- owned group Giplait remains the leader in the pasteurized reconstituted milk market with 60 per cent share.
In this line, and in order to increase domestic milk production available for the local dairy processing industry, within the policy of the development of the dairy sector, the Ministry of Agriculture pays incentive premiums to milk producers (breeders) about 12 AD/L ($0.164/L), five AD/L ($0.07/L) to milk collectors and four AD/L ($0.054/L) to dairy processors.
With local processors controlling the market of dairy products (yogurt, cheese, butter, dairy desserts and fermented milk), these incentives are expected to increase the amount of fresh milk collected to produce pasteurised milk locally. These efforts are expected to be enhanced by the latest mechanism implemented in January 2011 that links dairy processors with the office inter professional for milk (ONIL);(the buying agency in charge of importing milk powder to produce subsidised pasteurised fluid milk for both private and state-owned milk plants) -by specific contracts in order to acquire subsidised milk powder and in return, these processors commit to process this powder into fluid pasteurised milk with all required regulatory standards at 25 A.D. price.
These same processors have to commit also to collect fresh milk and integrate it in their process and produce pasteurized fresh milk but with liberalised prices. In return, these processors will get the incentive premium for integration (4 A.D per liter) (as mentioned above). Even better, if these same processors give up on using imported milk powder and use only collected fresh milk, these will receive an incentive premium of six A.D per liter integrated in the process. According to Ministry of Agriculture reports, many dairies have joined this mechanism set up to develop the dairy production and collection of milk and encourage the others to do so to benefit from the advantages. Same reports show that production increased in the current 2010/2011 campaign to reach 2.9 million MT as well as collection of milk for industry use (578 million liters collected in 2011 vs. 390 million liters in 2010). In addition, 60,000 pregnant heifers were imported these last three years.
Algeria is the largest dairy consumer in the Maghreb (110 liters per capita per year for milk). With the increasing number of dairy plants and the availability of various dairy products, consumption of dairy products has increased comparing to past years. Milk is sold on the local market under three kind of products; pasteurised reconstituted milk in small bags of one liter with 24 hour shelf-life with GOA fixed price; fresh milk sold directly to consumers from the farm with higher prices, and UHT in tetra packs boxes sold by some private processors; whole milk powder is also imported in small boxes of 500g for direct sale to consumers.
The GOA has estimated domestic consumption at 3.2 million MT annually for the past several years. However, in 2009 increased the estimate to five million MT per year.
GOA announced in July, a 15 per cent increase in the dairy quotas allocated to dairy processors. This decision came on the eve of the holy month of Ramadan to avoid shortages, knowing that during this month, food consumption increases significantly.
In late June 2011, US and Algerian regulators came to an agreement on a new sanitary certificate reopening this lucrative market to US dairy products. The Algerian dairy market closed to US product in September 2010, over health certification issues.
The table below shows that the value of Algerian milk powder imports has averaged $862 million annually over the last six years and US dairy exports to Algeria decreasing from $84 million in 2008 and $32 million in 2009 and almost vanished in 2010 according to Algeria official trade data.
Proximity and good freight rates from Europe have always made trade with EU countries more advantageous and easier. But the absence of agreed health certification as well as the lack of a strong US presence in this market impacted negatively on US origin market share.
Algeria milk powder Imports Six-Year Comparison in Million Dollars
ALL ORIGINS | US ORIGIN | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NFDM | WMP | Total | NFDM | WMP | Total | |
CY 2010 | 308 | 591 | 899 | 5 | 0.038 | 5 |
CY 2009 | 221 | 579 | 800 | 32 | 0 | 32 |
CY 2008 | 424 | 758 | 1182 | 84 | 0 | 84 |
CY 2007 | 618 | 361 | 979 | 23 | 0 | 23 |
CY 2006 | 158 | 482 | 640 | 25 | 0.083 | 25 |
CY 2005 | 209 | 462 | 671 | 25 | 0 | 25 |
Source: Algeria Official Trade Data |
With the market reopened, Algerian dairy processors and the Government buying agency for dairy products (ONIL) which covers 80 per cent of the market currently, have expressed interest in US product and buying from US suppliers. The bulk of US dairy exports to Algeria have always been non-fat dry milk, with some quantities of cheese, butter and whey, no whole milk powder.
While all these development programs are setting up, the dairy industry still relies on imported milk powder for its needs and dairy imports still represented 17 per cent of the total food imports for the first six months of CY2011. Dairy imports totaled 15 per cent of the CY 2010 total food imports. Total dairy imports in CY 2010 reached $991 million of which $308 million non fat dry milk and $591 million whole milk powder $53 million cheese and $31 million for butter and fats, $8 million for other dairy products (whey, buttermilk).
The table below shows that imports of milk powder increased the first term of CY2011, compared to the same period last year. Ministry of Agriculture announced this July, a 15 per cent increase in the milk powder quotas allocated to dairy processors, on the eve of the holy month of Ramadan to avoid shortages, knowing that during this month, food consumption increases significantly.
Table 1: WMP and NFDM Imports comparison
Jan-June CY 2010 |
Jan-June CY 2011 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
WMP | NFDM | WMP | NFDM | |
Argentina | 12574 | 263 | 20978 | 1008 |
Belgium | 4234 | 12102 | 5575 | 17480 |
France | 10266 | 18698 | 11404 | 33535 |
U.S. | 19 | - | - | |
Great Britain | 3811 | 2024 | 13630 | 1100 |
Ireland | 3275 | 1401 | 7351 | 1446 |
Ireland | 3275 | 1401 | 7351 | 1446 |
New Zealand | 31475 | 682 | 41753 | 144 |
Malaysia | 2512 | - | 1827 | - |
Netherlands | 2701 | 400 | 6634 | 1200 |
Poland | 3400 | 4660 | 8556 | 16203 |
Switzerland | 200 | 16 | 375 | |
Australia | - | - | 1778 | 96 |
Brazil | 2175 | - | 694 | - |
Denmark | - | - | 419 | - |
Ukraine | 200 | 650 | 100 | 800 |
Uruguay | 5280 | 1064 | 3768 | 100 |
Germany | 2050 | 1521 | 4448 | 10089 |
India | - | 610 | - | |
Sweden | - | - | 200 | - |
Indonesia | - | - | 50 | - |
Chile | 1900 | - | 875 | - |
Others | 657 | 228 | 225 | 272 |
TOTAL | 86530 | 44503 | 130281 | 83848 |
Source: Algeria Official trade Data |
The following table shows also that butter imports increased compared to same period last year. In fact, AMF imports increased compared to last year. In CY2010, total butterfat imports reached 4,714 MT of which 3,131 MT of butter and 1,582 MT of AMF. This CY2011, of 6,315MT butterfat imported, AMF reached 3,329MT. This shows that more powder and AMF were imported to increase production of pasteurized reconstituted fluid milk.
Table 2: Cheese and Butter Imports comparison In CY2010 and CY2011 (MT)
January-June CY 2010 | January-June CY 2011 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cheese | Butter | Cheese | Butter | |
Ireland | 4773 | 20 | 3535 | 434 |
New Zealand | 1057 | 2118 | 1157 | 1680 |
Netherlands | 3473 | 125 | 3561 | 242 |
France | 494 | 1008 | 605 | 1500 |
Germany | 218 | 25 | 234 | - |
Australia | 140 | 260 | 1340 | 20 |
Austria | 308 | - | 495 | - |
Argentina | 50 | 321 | 25 | 244 |
Poland | 488 | - | 425 | - |
Denmark | 30 | 25 | 65 | 72 |
U.S. | 0 | 18 | - | - |
Italy | 3 | - | 6 | - |
Belgium | - | - | - | - |
Great Britain | 175 | 79 | 156 | 300 |
Spain | - | - | - | 600 |
Uruguay | - | 625 | - | 950 |
Others | 33 | 90 | 81 | 273 |
TOTAL | 11242 | 4714 | 11685 | 6315 |
Source: Algeria Official trade Data |
Imports of cheese are more or less stable as the domestic processing industry has expanded over the past several years. In the first six months of CY2011, 61 per cent of the imported cheese was cheese for processing destined to the processing industry.
Origins of dairy imports are still the same. Most of the non fat dry milk powder comes from EU countries, essentially France with 40 per cent of the market share, followed by Belgium with 21 per cent and Poland with 19 per cent. Whole milk powder originates from New Zealand (32 per cent), followed by Argentina with 16 per cent market share and Great Britain (10 per cent) and France (nine per cent). Most of the cheese comes from Ireland, Netherlands and New Zealand. Butterfat originates from New Zealand and France.